ʻakika formic

1. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka waika formic a me ka holomua noiʻi i loko o nā wahie
Ma ke ʻano he mea mālama hydrogen, hiki i ka waikawa formic ke hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o ka hydrogen no ka hoʻohana ʻana e ka hopena kūpono inā pono, a he kikowaena paʻa ia no ka hoʻohana ākea a me ka halihali palekana o ka ikehu hydrogen.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ka waika Formic wale nō i nā mea ʻenehana a me nā mea kemika, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe hau hoʻoheheʻe kaiapuni hou e pale ai i ka pollution wai.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waiuma formic no ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaeau wahie e hoʻohana pono ana i ka waiuma formic ma ke ʻano he mea maka. Ma ka hana ʻana i ka waika formic me ka oxygen e hana ai i carbon dioxide a me ka wai, hiki i nā mea wahie ke hoʻohua i ka uila e hoʻohana i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e like me nā kelepona paʻa a me nā kamepiula.
ʻO nā pūnaeau wahie maʻamau ka nui o nā pūnaeau wahie hydrogen a me nā pūnaeau wahie methanol. ʻO nā palena o nā pūnaeau wahie hydrogen ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā pahu hydrogen liʻiliʻi, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu o ka hydrogen kinoea, a me ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen; ʻOiai he kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika o ka methanol, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kāna electrocatalytic oxidation rate ma mua o ka hydrogen, a he mea ʻawaʻawa ka methanol, kahi e keʻakeʻa ai i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana. ʻO ka waiuma formic he wai ma ka lumi wela, he liʻiliʻi ka ʻawaʻawa, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika electromotive ma mua o ka hydrogen a me ka methanol, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā cell fuel acid formic a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hydrogen a me ka methanol fuel cell [9-10]. ʻO Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) he hanauna hou o ka mana lawe lima a lawe lima ma muli o kāna kaʻina hana maʻalahi, ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me ka mana. Hoʻololi ka ʻenehana i ka ikehu kemika i mālama ʻia i loko o ka waikawa formic a me ka oxygen i ka uila.
ʻO ka pākaukau, inā hoʻomohala ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi ma kahi o 10 watts o ka mana mau, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i nā mea hana liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano he kumu mana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā cell formic acid fuel i ka maikaʻi o ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka māmā, e like me ka plug-in charge, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pā lithium-ion. Ke oʻo nei ka ʻenehana, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokūkū me nā pā lithium i ka mākeke lako mana liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, loaʻa i nā pūla wahie formic acid nā mea maikaʻi o ka non-toxic, non-flammable, ka mālama pono ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana, ka hana electrochemical, kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, proton conductivity, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka membrane exchange proton, a hiki ke hana i ka mana puka nui. ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, i makemake nui ʻia e nā poʻe loea i ka ʻoihana. ʻOi aku ka pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻoihana uila inā e lilo ia mau ʻaʻa. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai, e hōʻike ana ka formic acid fuel cell i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi o ka noi ʻoihana ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka waika Formic, ma ke ʻano he huahana kemika me ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe i ka hana ʻana i ka carbon dioxide a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea waiwai kemika, he huahana hou ia o ka pōʻai kalapona a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hana. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, he hopena koʻikoʻi ia i ka hana hou ʻana o ke kalapona a me ka ikehu a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai.

2. ʻO ka waika formic ka waika formic. ʻO ka waika formic acetic acid?
ʻO ka ʻakika formic ka waika formic, ʻaʻole ka ʻakika acetic, ʻaʻole ka ʻakika acetic, ʻo ka waikawa formic ka waikawa formic. Manaʻo ʻoe he ʻili loa ʻo Xiaobian, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo loa ʻo Xiaobian iā ʻoe e hoʻolauna i kēia mau mea kemika ʻelua.
Kapa ʻia ka ʻakika formic a loaʻa ke ʻano HCOOH. ʻAʻole waihoʻoluʻu ka waika Formic akā paʻakikī a paʻakikī, ʻulaʻula a laila ʻulaʻula ke pili me ka ʻili kanaka. Loaʻa i ka formaldehyde nā waiwai o ka waikawa a me ka aldehyde. I ka ʻoihana kemika, hoʻohana ʻia ka formic acid i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā ʻoihana ʻili. ʻO ka waika Formic, ma kona inoa maʻamau, he ʻakika carboxylic maʻalahi. He wai waihoʻoluʻu me ka ʻala ʻala. ʻO ka electrolyte nāwaliwali, helu heheʻe 8.6, kahi paila 100.7. He ʻakika nui loa ia, a hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili a pohu. Loaʻa ia i loko o nā mea huna o ka nalo a me kekahi mau ʻanuʻu a me nā enuhe.
ʻO ka waika formic (formic acid) he ʻakika carboxylic reductive me hoʻokahi kalapona. Ua ʻike mua ʻia i loko o nā ʻanuʻu, no laila ka inoa formic acid.
Acetic acid, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), chemical formula CH3COOH, he ʻano ʻano monic acid, ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka vīneka. ʻO ka ʻakika anhydrous acetic maʻemaʻe (glacial acetic acid) he paʻa hygroscopic kala ʻole me kahi pae maloʻo o 16.6 ℃ a me kahi aniani kala ʻole ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana. ʻAkaʻawaʻawa a me ka erosive kona wai hoʻonā wai, a he hopena hoʻonāukiuki ka mahu ma nā maka a me ka ihu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka waika Formic i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kemika, coagulant rubber, textile, paʻi a me ke kala ʻana, electroplating, nā ʻili ʻili, ʻo ia ke kumu kumu o ka ʻoihana kemika, hoʻohana maʻamau i ka ʻoihana e pili ana i ka 85% formic acid.

3. Pehea ʻoe e wehe ai i ka wai mai ka waikawa formic?
Formic acid e wehe i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻohui i ka anhydrous copper sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate e hoʻoneʻe i ka wai, ʻo ia nā ʻano kemika, me nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī.
(1) No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai ʻakika sulfuric concentrated i loko o ka waikawa formic, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma o ka funnel separator. No laila, pono mākou e koho i ka mea ②; Hiki i ka solution sodium hydroxide, ka solution calcium hydroxide ke hoʻomoʻi i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ke kinoea formic acid i hui pū ʻia me CO, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hiki ke komo ʻana o ka solution sodium hydroxide ma mua o ka solution calcium hydroxide. No laila, ka mea koho ③;
(2) Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kinoea kalapona monoxide i hana ʻia mai B, mai D i loko o ka solution sodium hydroxide no ka wehe ʻana i ke kinoea formic acid, a mai C; A laila hele ʻoe mai G, ma lalo o nā kūlana wela. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka carbon monoxide o ke keleawe oxide, ke kinoea mai H, a laila mai F i loko o ka solution calcium hydroxide, e hoʻāʻo i ka hana carbon dioxide. No laila, ʻo ke kaʻina pili pili o kēlā me kēia mea kani: B, D, C, G, H, F.
(3) Ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke keleawe oxide i ke keleawe, no laila, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a hiki i ka hopena o ka hoʻokolohua, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kala o ka pauka keleawe keleawe: lilo ʻeleʻele i ʻulaʻula, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana: CuO + CO
△ Cu+CO2.
(4) I ka hopena o ka hoʻohua ʻana i ka CO, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka waika sulfuric concentrated i ka waika formic e hana i ka carbon monoxide, ʻo ia ke kuleana o ka dehydration.
ʻO ka pane:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) BDCGHF;
(3) ʻEleʻele a ʻulaʻula, CuO+CO △Cu+CO2;
(4) dehydration.

4. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā waiwai, kūpaʻa a me nā ʻano mālama o ka anhydrous formic acid
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka acid formic acid ma mua o 95% e lilo i concentrated formic acid, ʻo ka ʻike ma luna o 99.5% i kapa ʻia ʻo anhydrous formic acid, ʻo ia nā kumu kumu kumu o ka ʻoihana kemika organik, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kemika, coagulant rubber, textile, paʻi a me ke kala. , electroplating, ʻili a me nā māla ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia a me ka anhydrous formic acid waiwai a me ka paʻa, ma nā waiwai a me ka paʻa o ka anhydrous formic acid a me nā ʻano mālama i wehewehe ʻia penei:
Nā waiwai a me ka paʻa o ka anhydrous formic acid:
1. Nā waiwai kemika: He mea ho'ēmi ikaika ka waika Formic a hiki ke hana i ka pane aniani kala. ʻOi aku ka ʻakika i nā ʻakika momona saturated, a ʻo ka dissociation mau ʻo 2.1 × 10-4. Wehe malie ia i carbon monoxide a me ka wai ma ka lumi wela. Me ka sulfuric acid hoʻomehana 60 ~ 80 ℃, hoʻokuʻu decomposition carbon monoxide. Hoʻopau ka waika Formic e hoʻokuʻu i ka carbon dioxide a me ka hydrogen ke hoʻomehana ʻia ma luna o 160 ℃. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka paʻakai metala alkali o ka formic acid ma *** 400 ℃ e hana i ka oxalate.
2. Hoʻoheheʻe ka waikawa Formic i ka momona. ʻO ka hoʻohu ʻana i nā mahu formic acid hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki nui i ka mucosa nasal a me ka waha a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka mumū. E hoʻohana i ka pale pale a me nā mīkina lima lima i ka wā e lawelawe ai i ka waika formic concentrated. Pono ka ʻauʻau a me ka holoi maka i ka hale hana, pono e loaʻa i ka wahi hana ka ea maikaʻi, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waika formic acid i ʻae ʻia i ka lewa i loko o ka palena palena ʻo 5 * 10-6. Pono e haʻalele koke ka poʻe i hoʻohu ʻia i ke kahua, hoʻohu i ka ea hou, a hoʻohu i ka sodium bicarbonate 2% atomized. Ke hoʻohaumia ʻia me ka waika formic, holoi koke me ka wai nui, e makaʻala ʻaʻole e holoi me ka lole pulu.
3. Paʻa: Paʻa
4. ʻO ka pilikia polymerization: ʻAʻohe polymerization
5. Hoʻohui ʻia i pāpā ʻia: ikaika oxidant, alkali ikaika, pauka metala ikaika
ʻO ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka waika formic anhydrous:
E mālama i ka mālama ʻana no ka waika formic anhydrous: E kūʻai i loko o kahi hale kūʻai anuanu. E mālama i ke ahi a me ka wela. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka lumi mālama ma mua o 32 ℃, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o 80%. E hoʻopaʻa i ka pahu. Pono e mālama kaʻawale mai ka oxidizer, alkali a me ka pauka metala ikaika, a ʻaʻole pono e hui ʻia. Hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka nui o nā lako ahi. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka wahi mālama me nā lako lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia a me nā mea paʻa kūpono.

5. ʻO ka waika Formic kahi huahana kemika maʻamau i ko mākou ola.
No ka hapanui o nā kānaka, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka waika formic kona ʻala ʻala, hiki ke honi ʻia i kahi mamao, akā ʻo ia hoʻi ka manaʻo o ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ma ka formic acid.
No laila he aha ka formic acid? He aha ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana? Ma hea e hōʻike ai i loko o ko mākou ola? E kali, ʻaʻole hiki i ka poʻe he nui ke pane i kēlā.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻo formic acid he huahana lehulehu ma hope o nā mea a pau, no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā ia, a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi ʻike, ʻoihana a i ʻole paepae ʻoihana.
E like me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻole, akā aia kahi ʻala o ka wai, he waika ikaika a me ka corrosive, inā ʻaʻole mākou e makaʻala i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā manamana lima a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻili ʻē aʻe a pili pono me ia, a laila e lilo ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma muli o kona hoʻonāukiuki. huāhu pololei, pono e ike i ke kauka i ka hikiwawe, no ka lapaau.
Akā, ʻoiai ʻo ka waika formic ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻike lehulehu, ma ke ola maoli, ʻo ia kekahi o nā huahana kemika i hoʻohana nui ʻia, ʻaʻole i ʻike wale ʻia ma nā ʻano āpau o ko mākou ola, he nui nā māla āu i noʻonoʻo ʻole ai, ʻoiaʻiʻo. , loaʻa ka waika formic, a ua hāʻawi nui pū kekahi. E paʻa i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi.
Hiki ke loaʻa ka waika Formic i nā ʻoihana e like me nā pesticides, ka ʻili, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻōpala, inā ʻoe e nānā iki.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka waika formic a me ka wai wai o formic acid ke hoʻopau wale i nā oxide metala, hydroxides a me nā metala like ʻole, akā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā formates a lākou e hana ai i ka wai, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika.
Ma waho aʻe o nā noi i luna, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka formic acid i kēia mau ala:
1. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau: vitamin B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, etc.;
2, pesticides: pauka rust ning, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, insecticidal ether, etc.;
3. Kemimi: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, rubber antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, epoxy soybean oil, epoxy octyl soybean oil, tervalyl chloride, wehe pena, phenolic resin, pickling steel papa, etc.;
4, ka ʻili: ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻili tanning, deashing agent a me neutralizing agent;
5, pulupulu: coagulant pulupulu maoli;
6, nā mea ʻē aʻe: ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka mordant, fiber a me ka pepa dyeing agent, lāʻau lapaʻau, plasticizer, mālama meaʻai a me nā mea hoʻohui holoholona, ​​etc.