【Okoa】
ʻO ka helu hoʻoheheʻe o ka waika acetic maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe he 16.7 degere, no laila e hana ka acetic acid i ka hau ma hope o ka haʻahaʻa ʻana o ka mahana, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo glacial acetic acid. ʻO Acetic acid ka inoa maʻamau, hiki ke maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke maʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka ʻakika acetic a me ka waikawa acetic ka waiwai like, me ka ʻala ʻala ikaika, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō inā paʻa, ʻo ka wai acetic ka wai maʻamau i ka lumi wela o 20 ° C, a paʻa maʻamau i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 16 °. C, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo glacial acetic acid.
ʻO Glacial acetic acid (mea maʻemaʻe), ʻo ia hoʻi, anhydrous acetic acid, acetic acid kekahi o nā mea waiwai nui, nā pūhui organik. Paʻa ʻo ia i hau ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka glacial acetic acid. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka leo i ka wā paʻa i hiki ke naha ka ipu. ʻO ka helu uila he 39 ℃, ʻo ka palena pahū he 4.0% ~ 16.0%, a ʻo ka ʻae ʻia ʻana i ka lewa ʻaʻole ma mua o 25mg/m3. E maloʻo ka ʻakika acetic maʻemaʻe i loko o nā kristal e like me ka hau ma lalo o ka helu heheʻe, no laila ua kapa ʻia ka ʻakika acetic anhydrous.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka acetic acid ka mea mua loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mea ʻono waika ma Kina. Acetic acid (36%-38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), ʻano kemika CH3COOH, he ʻakika monic organik, ka mea nui o ka vīneka.
【 Kaʻina 】
Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka waikawa acetic e ka synthesis artificial a me ka fermentation bacteria. ʻO ka biosynthesis, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fermentation bacteria, he 10% wale nō o ka nui o ka hana o ka honua, akā ʻo ia ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka hana ʻana i ka acetic acid, ʻoi aku ka vīnega, no ka mea, ʻo nā kānāwai palekana meaʻai o nā ʻāina he pono e hoʻomākaukau i ka vīneka i loko o ka meaʻai. nā ʻano hana olaola, a ua māhele ʻia ka fermentation i ka fermentation aerobic a me ka fermentation anaerobic.
(1) Ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe aerobic
Ma ke alo o ka lawa o ka oxygen, hiki i ka bacteria Acetobacter ke hana i ka acetic acid mai nā meaʻai i loaʻa i ka waiʻona. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka cider a i ʻole ka waina i hui pū ʻia me ka palaoa, ka malt, ka laiki a i ʻole ka ʻuala e mashed a fermented. Hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia kēia mau mea i loko o ka waikawa acetic i mua o kahi enzyme catalytic ma lalo o ka oxygen.
(2) anaerobic fermentation ala
Hiki i kekahi mau bacteria anaerobic, me kekahi mau lālā o ka genus Clostridium, ke hoʻololi pololei i nā kō i ka waikawa acetic me ka ʻole o ka ethanol ma ke ʻano he waena. Hiki ke hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka sucrose i loko o ka waikawa acetic me ka nele o ka oxygen.
Eia hou, hiki i ka nui o nā bacteria ke hana i ka acetic acid mai nā pūhui i loaʻa hoʻokahi kalapona, e like me ka methanol, carbon monoxide, a i ʻole kahi hui o ka carbon dioxide a me ka hydrogen.
【 Noi 】
1. Acetic acid derivatives: hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka synthesis o ka acetic anhydride, acetate, terephthalic acid, vinyl acetate / polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, ketenone, chloroacetic acid, halogenated acetic acid, etc.
2. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau: Acetic acid, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka penicillin G potassium, penicillin G sodium, procaine penicillin, nā papa antipyretic, sulfadiazine, sulfamethylisoxazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, acetylsalicylic acid, prednisonecetin, prednisonecetin. , caffeine a me nā mea waena ʻē aʻe: acetate, sodium diacetate, peracetic acid, etc
3. Pigment a me ka textile paʻi a me ke kala: hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā disperse dyes a me VAT dyes, a me ka paʻi textile a me ka hana ʻana
4. Synthetic ammonia: Ma ke ʻano o ka copper acetate ammonia wai, hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kinoea synthesis hoʻomaʻemaʻe e hoʻoneʻe i kahi liʻiliʻi o CO a me CO2 i loko.
5. Ma nā kiʻi: He meaʻai no ka mea hoʻomohala
6. I loko o ka ʻōpala maoli: hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka coagulant
7. ʻOihana hana: ma ke ʻano he anticoagulant
Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka mālama wai, nā fibers synthetic, pesticides, plastics, ʻili, nā uhi, ka hana metala a me ka ʻoihana ʻōpala.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-18-2024