Ka hana o ka waika formic

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā kumu waiwai mōʻalihaku a me ka pōʻino o ka nohona kanaka, ʻo ka hoʻohana pono ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai hou e like me ka biomass ua lilo i kumu o ka noiʻi a me ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻepekema a puni ka honua.ʻakika formic, kekahi o nā mea nui ma ka biorefining, loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kumukūʻai a me ka maʻalahi e loaʻa, non-toxic, high energy density, renewable and degradable, etc. ke kahua noi oʻakika formic, akā kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia bottleneck maʻamau i ka ʻenehana biorefining e hiki mai ana. Ua nānā pōkole kēia pepa i ka mōʻaukala noiʻi o ʻakika formic hoʻohana, hōʻuluʻulu i ka holomua noiʻi hou oʻakika formic ma ke ʻano he reagent maikaʻi a me ka multi-purpose a me nā mea maka i ka synthesis kemika a me ka hoʻololi catalytic o ka biomass, a hoʻohālikelike a loiloi i ke kumu kumu a me ka ʻōnaehana catalytic o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻakika formic ho'ā e hoʻokō pono i ka hoʻololi kemika. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana e kālele i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waika formic a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka synthesis selectivity kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻonui hou i kāna kahua noi ma kēia kumu.

I ka hana kemika,ʻakika formic, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonaninani a me ka hoʻololi hou ʻana i nā multi-functional reagent, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hoʻololi koho o nā hui hana like ʻole. E like me ka hydrogen transfer reagent a i ʻole ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa me ka ʻike hydrogen kiʻekiʻe,ʻakika formic Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hana maʻalahi a hiki ke kāohi ʻia, nā kūlana haʻahaʻa a me ke koho kemika maikaʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hydrogen maʻamau. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa koho ʻana o nā aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes a pēlā aku e hoʻohua ai i nā alcohols, amines, alkenes a me nā alkanes. A me ka hydrolysis a me ka hui hana deprotection o ka waiʻona a me ka epoxides. Ma ka nana aku i ka meaʻakika formic Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka C1 raw material, ma ke ʻano he kī nui multi-purpose basic reagent,ʻakika formic Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka formylation o nā derivatives quinoline, formylation a me ka methylation o nā pūhui amine, carbonylation o ka olefin a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hydration o nā alkynes a me nā hopena tandem multistage, he ala nui ia e hoʻokō ai i ka synthesis ʻōmaʻomaʻo maikaʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi. nā molekala. ʻO ka luʻi o ia mau kaʻina hana, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā catalysts multifunctional me ke koho kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana no ka hoʻāla ʻana o ʻakika formic a me nā hui hana kūikawā. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waikawa formic e like me ka C1 raw material hiki ke hoʻopili pololei i nā kemika nui e like me ka methanol me ke koho kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hopena catalytic disproportionation.

I ka hoʻololi catalytic o biomass, nā waiwai multifunctional oʻakika formichāʻawi i ka hiki no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kaʻina hana biorefining ʻōmaʻomaʻo, palekana a me ke kumu kūʻai. ʻO nā kumu waiwai biomass nā kumu waiwai ʻē aʻe e hoʻomau mau nei, akā ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana iā lākou i mau ʻano kumu waiwai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waiwai waika a me nā waiwai solvent maikaʻi o ka formic acid i ke kaʻina pretreatment o ka biomass raw material e ʻike ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana lignoscellulose a me ka lawe ʻana i ka cellulose. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ʻana o ka waika inorganic, loaʻa iā ia nā mea maikaʻi o ka helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻaʻohe hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ion inorganic, a me ka paʻa ikaika no nā hopena o lalo. Ma ke ʻano he kumu hydrogen kūpono,ʻakika formic Ua aʻo nui ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia i ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻololi catalytic o nā mea hoʻohui biomass platform i nā kinikona waiwai nui, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lignin i nā mea ʻala, a me nā kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe bio-oil hydrodeoxidation. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaʻina hana hydrogenation maʻamau i hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka H2, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me nā kūlana hoʻololi haʻahaʻa. He mea maʻalahi a palekana, a hiki ke hoʻemi pono i ka waiwai a me ka ikehu o nā kumu waiwai mōʻalihaku i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe bio. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou ma ka depolymerizing oxidized lignin i lokoʻakika formic ʻO ka hopena wai ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka ratio kaumaha ma mua o 60%. Hāʻawi kēia ʻike hou i nā manawa hou no ka unuhi pololei ʻana i nā kemika ʻono waiwai nui mai ka lignin.

I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, bio-based ʻakika formichōʻike i ka mana nui i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo organik synthesis a me ka hoʻololi biomass, a he mea nui kona versatility a me multipurpose e hoʻokō pono ai i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā mea maka a me ke koho kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana i koho ʻia. I kēia manawa, ua hana kēia kahua i kekahi mau mea i hoʻokō a ua hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻia, akā aia nō kahi mamao mamao mai ka noi ʻoihana maoli, a pono e ʻimi hou aku. Pono nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana e nānā i kēia mau ʻaoʻao: (1) pehea e koho ai i nā metala hoʻoikaika catalytic kūpono a me nā ʻōnaehana pane no nā hopena kikoʻī; (2) pehea e ho'āla ai i ka waika formic i mua o nā mea maka a me nā reagents; (3) Pehea e hoʻomaopopo ai i ke ʻano hana o nā ʻano hana paʻakikī mai ka pae molekala; (4) Pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka catalyst pili i ka hana kūpono. Ke nānā nei i mua i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e pili ana i nā pono o ka nohona o kēia wā no ke kaiapuni, ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau, e loaʻa i ka kemika formic acid ka nānā a me ka noiʻi mai ka ʻoihana a me ke kula.